Which process can result in the alteration of the natural curl pattern?

Perming is the process that can significantly alter the natural curl pattern of hair. This technique involves using chemicals to break the disulfide bonds in the hair structure, which allows the hair to be reshaped into curls or waves. Once the hair is treated with perm solution and re-rolled on curlers, it is then neutralized, which reforms the disulfide bonds in the new shape, establishing the curly or wavy texture.

In contrast, coloring hair primarily changes its pigmentation but does not affect the hair's structure or curl pattern. Cutting hair can shape or shorten the hair but doesn't influence the texture or curl pattern. Blow drying is a styling technique that temporarily changes the hair's appearance but does not permanently alter its natural curl pattern, as the hair returns to its original state once dry and styled. Thus, perming is distinct in its ability to permanently change the hair's natural curl pattern through a chemical process.